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Boonsimma, Ponghatai; Gasser, Marius Michael; Netbaramee, Wiracha; Wechapinan, Thanin; Srichomthong, Chalurmpon; Ittiwut, Chupong; Wagner, Matias; Krenn, Martin; Zimprich, Fritz; Abicht, Angela; Biskup, Saskia; Roser, Timo; Borggraefe, Ingo; Suphapeetiporn, Kanya und Shotelersuk, Vorasuk (2020): Mutational and phenotypic expansion of ATP1A3-related disorders: Report of nine cases. In: Gene, Bd. 749, 144709

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Abstract

Background: Mutations in the ATP1A3 gene are known to be the cause of three distinct neurological syndromes including alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC), rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (RDP) and cerebellar ataxia, arefexia, pes cavus, optic atrophy and sensorineural hearing impairment (CAPOS). Recent studies have suggested the broader diversity of ATP1A3-related disorders. This study aimed to investigate the clinical spectrum in patients carrying causative mutations within the ATP1A3 gene. Method: The medical histories of nine unrelated patients with diverse phenotypes harboring variants in ATP1A3 were retrospectively analyzed after they were referred to a tertiary epilepsy center in one of the two different health care systems (Germany or Thailand). Clinical features, neurophysiological data, imaging results, genetic characteristics and treatments were reviewed. Results: Three patients harbor novel mutations in the ATP1A3 gene. Atypical clinical features and imaging findings were observed in two cases, one with hemiplegia-hemiconvulsion-epilepsy syndrome, and the other with neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. All nine patients presented with intellectual impairment. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) was the most common phenotype (67%). Flunarizine and topiramate led to symptom reduction in 83% and 25% of AHC cases administered, respectively. Conclusion: The present case series expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of ATPIA3-related disorders.

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