Histologische, immunhistologische und molekularpathologische Aspekte bei nichtmelanozytären Hauttumoren. Praktische Hinweise zur Anwendung der deutschen Leitlinien

Rose, Christian; Jurmeister, Philipp und Klauschen, Frederick (2021): Histologische, immunhistologische und molekularpathologische Aspekte bei nichtmelanozytären Hauttumoren. Praktische Hinweise zur Anwendung der deutschen Leitlinien. In: Onkologe, Bd. 27, Nr. 6: S. 532-545

Abstract

Background Basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma are grouped together under the term nonmelanoma skin cancer. They are by far the most common malignant neoplasms of the Caucasian population with increasing incidence. Objectives In the current German guidelines of diagnosis and therapy of both skin carcinomas, recommendations regarding the histopathological examination are given. Important aspects of these recommendations are described. Materials and methods The article is based on the content of the recent guidelines, a selective literature search and our own cases. Results and conclusion If one of the tumors is clinically suspected, the diagnosis should be confirmed by histopathology. Diagnosis is mostly achieved on hematoxylin-eosin stained sections and only rarely immunohistochemistry is necessary. Standard therapy is complete excision with histological control of the surgical margin. Basal cell carcinomas are classified into two groups based on their growth pattern: high-risk and low-risk lesions. Clinically, it is difficult to assess the border of high-risk tumors. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma has a number of histological subtypes. In particular, the desmoplastic type of squamous cell carcinoma is associated with a higher rate of recurrence and metastasis. The most important prognostic factor in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is tumor thickness. Perineural invasion and a poor cell differentiation are associated with worse prognosis. In special cases, assignment of cancer infiltration to the skin can be difficult. Genome-wide methylation profiling is an innovative molecular method for determining cell differentiation. We demonstrate an example in which the method was able to classify a skin tumor as metastasis of breast cancer with squamous differentiation.

• Dokumententyp: Zeitschriftenartikel
• Fakultät: Medizin
• Themengebiete: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
• ISSN: 0947-8965
• Sprache: Deutsch