One- and Two-Dose Vaccinations With Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic Induce Durable B-Cell Memory Responses Comparable to Replicating Smallpox Vaccines

Ilchmann, Heiko; Samy, Nathaly; Reichhardt, Daniela; Schmidt, Darja; Powell, Jacqueline D.; Meyer, Thomas P. H.; Silbernagl, Günter; Nichols, Rick; Weidenthaler, Heinz; De Moerlooze, Laurence; Chen, Liddy und Chaplin, Paul (2022): One- and Two-Dose Vaccinations With Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic Induce Durable B-Cell Memory Responses Comparable to Replicating Smallpox Vaccines. In: Journal of Infectious Diseases, Bd. 227, Nr. 10: S. 1203-1213

Abstract

One or 2 primary MVA BN vaccinations induced similar durable B-cell memory responses as a booster administered 2 years after primary vaccination showed rapid and robust antibody response. No safety concerns were identified following the booster. Background Although modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) vaccination is approved for smallpox and monkeypox prevention, immunological persistence and booster effects remain undescribed. Methods Participants naive to smallpox vaccination were randomized to 1 dose MVA-BN (1xMVA, n = 181), 2 doses MVA-BN (2xMVA, n = 183), or placebo (n = 181). Participants with previous smallpox vaccination received 1 MVA-BN booster (HSPX, n = 200). Subsets of the formerly naive groups (approximately 75 each) received an MVA-BN booster 2 years later. Results Neutralizing antibody (nAb) geometric mean titers (GMTs) increased from 1.1 (baseline, both naive groups) to 7.2 and 7.5 (week 4, 1xMVA and 2xMVA, respectively), and further to 45.6 (week 6, 2xMVA after second vaccination). In HSPX, nAb GMT rapidly increased from 21.6 (baseline) to 175.1 (week 2). At 2 years, GMTs for 1xMVA, 2xMVA, and HSPX were 1.1, 1.3, and 10.3, respectively. After boosting in the previously naive groups, nAb GMTs increased rapidly in 2 weeks to 80.7 (1xMVA) and 125.3 (2xMVA), higher than after primary vaccination and comparable to boosted HSPX subjects. Six months after boosting, GMTs were 25.6 (1xMVA) and 49.3 (2xMVA). No safety concerns were identified. Conclusions Anamnestic responses to boosting without sustained high nAb titers support presence of durable immunological memory following primary MVA-BN immunization.

• Dokumententyp: Zeitschriftenartikel
• Fakultät: Medizin
• Themengebiete: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
• ISSN: 0022-1899
• Sprache: Englisch