Temporal Dynamics of MOG Antibodies in Children With Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome

Wendel, Eva Maria; Thonke, Helen Sophie; Bertolini, Annikki; Baumann, Matthias; Blaschek, Astrid; Merkenschlager, Andreas; Karenfort, Michael; Kornek, Barbara; Lechner, Christian; Pohl, Daniela; Pritsch, Martin; Schanda, Kathrin; Schimmel, Mareike; Thiels, Charlotte; Waltz, Stephan; Wiegand, Gert; Anlar, Banu; Barisic, Nina; Blank, Christian; Breu, Markus; Broser, Philip; Della Marina, Adela; Diepold, Katharina; Eckenweiler, Matthias; Eisenkoelbl, Astrid; Freilinger, Michael; Gruber-Sedlmayr, Ursula; Hackenberg, Annette; Iff, Tobias; Knierim, Ellen; Koch, Johannes; Kutschke, Georg; Leiz, Steffen; Lischetzki, Grischa; Nosadini, Margherita; Pschibul, Alexander; Reiter-Fink, Edith; Rohrbach, Doris; Salandin, Michela; Sartori, Stefano; Schlump, Jan-Ulrich; Stoffels, Johannes; Strautmanis, Jurgis; Tibussek, Daniel; Tuengler, Victoria; Utzig, Norbert; Reindl, Markus und Rostasy, Kevin (2022): Temporal Dynamics of MOG Antibodies in Children With Acquired Demyelinating Syndrome. In: Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation, Bd. 9, Nr. 6, e200035

Abstract

Background and Objective The spectrum of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disorder (MOGAD) comprises monophasic diseases such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), optic neuritis (ON), and transverse myelitis and relapsing courses of these presentations. Persistently high MOG antibodies (MOG immunoglobulin G [IgG]) are found in patients with a relapsing disease course. Prognostic factors to determine the clinical course of children with a first MOGAD are still lacking. The objective of the study is to assess the clinical and laboratory prognostic parameters for a risk of relapse and the temporal dynamics of MOG-IgG titers in children with MOGAD in correlation with clinical presentation and disease course. Methods In this prospective multicenter hospital-based study, children with a first demyelinating attack and complete data set comprising clinical and radiologic findings, MOG-IgG titer at onset, and clinical and serologic follow-up data were included. Serum samples were analyzed by live cell-based assay, and a titer level of >= 1:160 was classified as MOG-IgG-positive. Results One hundred sixteen children (f:m = 57:59) with MOGAD were included and initially diagnosed with ADEM (n = 59), unilateral ON (n = 12), bilateral ON (n = 16), myelitis (n = 6), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (n = 8) or encephalitis (n = 6). The median follow-up time was 3 years in monophasic and 5 years in relapsing patients. There was no significant association between disease course and MOG-IgG titers at onset, sex, age at presentation, or clinical phenotype. Seroconversion to MOG-IgG-negative within 2 years of the initial event showed a significant risk reduction for a relapsing disease course. Forty-two/one hundred sixteen patients (monophasic n = 26, relapsing n = 16) had serial MOG-IgG testing in years 1 and 2 after the initial event. In contrast to relapsing patients, monophasic patients showed a significant decrease of MOG-IgG titers during the first and second years, often with seroconversion to negative titers. During the follow-up, MOG-IgG titers were persistently higher in relapsing than in monophasic patients. Decrease in MOG-IgG of >= 3 dilution steps after the first and second years was shown to be associated with a decreased risk of relapses. In our cohort, no patient experienced a relapse after seroconversion to MOG-IgG-negative. Discussion In this study, patients with declining MOG-IgG titers, particularly those with seroconversion to MOG-IgG-negative, are shown to have a significantly reduced relapse risk.

• Dokumententyp: Zeitschriftenartikel
• Fakultät: Medizin
• Themengebiete: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
• ISSN: 2332-7812
• Sprache: Englisch