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Lanz, Hugo; Scherer, Clemens ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2816-6793; Kasper, Philipp; Adler, Christoph; Binzenhöfer, Leonhard ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8302-9391; Hoffmann, Sabine ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6197-8801; Höpler, Julia ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7604-6744; Kraft, Marie ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7689-7887; Gade, Nils ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0510-7736; Jamin, Raúl Nicolás; Evertz, Ruben; Hoyer, Daniel; Tongers, Jörn; Schulz, Christian ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-0747; Jung, Christian; Claus, Julia; Pöss, Janine; Crusius, Lisa; Mangner, Norman; Hagl, Christian; Nickenig, Georg; Zimmer, Sebastian ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1531-2088; Massberg, Steffen ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-3986; Thiele, Holger ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0169-998X; Haertel, Franz und Lüsebrink, Enzo ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3214-5672 (2025): Secondary sclerosing cholangitis in patients suffering cardiogenic shock. In: ESC Heart Failure, Bd. 12, Nr. 3: S. 2239-2244 [PDF, 151kB]

Abstract

Aims

Cardiogenic shock (CS) patients suffer from severe organ hypoperfusion, yet the incidence of secondary sclerosing cholangitis in critically ill patients (SSC-CIP) in CS is poorly described. Given the limited evidence and severity of this syndrome, we aimed to further investigate SSC-CIP in the context of CS.

Methods and results

24 251 total CS patients admitted between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2023 were retrospectively screened for the diagnosis of SSC-CIP across nine German tertiary care centers. Following identification of confirmed SSC-CIP diagnosis, baseline characteristics, laboratory values, SSC-CIP-specific imaging, diagnostics, and outcomes were obtained for analysis. 35 CS patients with a diagnosis of SSC-CIP were identified, representing a prevalence of 0.14% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10, 0.19]. Patients were predominantly male (77.1%) with a median age of 58 years (interquartile range [IQR] 52.5, 68.0). Acute myocardial infarction (42.9%) was the most common aetiology of CS, followed by cardiac arrhythmias (20.0%). Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in 77.1% of cases after a median of 33 days following CS onset [IQR 24, 65], showing typical biliary casts (60.0%), intraductal filling defects (28.6%), and bile duct obliteration (20.0%). Cast removal and stent placement was performed in nearly half of ERCP procedures (45.7%). Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was performed in 22.9% of cases and showed intraductal dilation (11.4%), lumen narrowing (17.1%), or strictures (14.3%). Median intensive care unit and hospital length of stay was 43 days [IQR 33, 66] and 58 days [IQR 33, 88], respectively. In-hospital mortality was 57.1%. One-year (65.7%) and 3-year (71.4%) mortality remained high. Two patients underwent liver transplantation after a median of 113 days [IQR 105, 122] and were alive at 3-year follow-up.

Conclusions

In this multicentre retrospective analysis in a high-risk CS cohort, SSC-CIP was a rare yet serious complication of intensive care unit stay with high in-hospital mortality. Treatment options are limited, and liver transplantation remains the only viable long-term treatment option.

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