A probability logical interpretation of fallacies

Pfeifer, Niki (2008): A probability logical interpretation of fallacies. In: Kreuzbauer, Günther; Gratzl, Norbert and Hiebl, Ewald (eds.) : Rhetorische Wissenschaft: Rede und Argumentation in Theorie und Praxis. Salzburger Beiträge zu Rhetorik und Argumentationstheorie, Vol. 4. Wien: LIT-Verlag. pp. 225-244

Abstract

This chapter presents a probability logical approach to fallacies. A special interpretation of (subjective) probability is used, which is based on coherence. Coherence provides not only a foundation of probability theory, but also a normative standard of reference for distinguishing fallacious from non-fallacious arguments. The violation of coherence is sufficient for an argument to be fallacious. The inherent uncertainty of everyday life argumentation is captured by attaching degrees of belief to the premises. Probability logic analyzes the structure of the argument and deduces the uncertainty of the conclusion from the premises. The approach is illustrated by prominent examples of fallacies, like the argumentum ad ignorantiam, affirming the consequent and the conjunction fallacy.

• Item Type: Book Section
• Keywords: Probability logic, coherence, argumentum ad ignorantiam, affirming the consequent, conjunction fallacy
• Faculties: Philosophy, Philosophy of Science and Religious Science > Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy (MCMP); Philosophy, Philosophy of Science and Religious Science > Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy (MCMP) > Logic
• Subjects: 100 Philosophy and Psychology > 100 Philosophy; 100 Philosophy and Psychology > 160 Logic
• ISBN: 978-3825812515
• Place of Publication: Wien
• Language: English