The World as a Process: Simulations in the Natural and Social Sciences

Hartmann, Stephan (1996): The World as a Process: Simulations in the Natural and Social Sciences. In: Hegselmann, Rainer; Mueller, Ulrich und Troitzsch, Klaus (Hrsg.): Modelling and Simulation in the Social Sciences from the Philosophy of Science Point of View. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. S. 77-100

Abstract

Simulation techniques, especially those implemented on a computer, are frequently employed in natural as well as in social sciences with considerable success. There is mounting evidence that the "model-building era" (J. Niehans) that dominated the theoretical activities of the sciences for a long time is about to be succeeded or at least lastingly supplemented by the "simulation era". But what exactly are models? What is a simulation and what is the difference and the relation between a model and a simulation? These are some of the questions addressed in this article. I maintain that the most significant feature of a simulation is that it allows scientists to imitate one process by another process. "Process" here refers solely to a temporal sequence of states of a system. Given the observation that processes are dealt with by all sorts of scientists, it is apparent that simulations prove to be a powerful interdisciplinarily acknowledged tool. Accordingly, simulations are best suited to investigate the various research strategies in different sciences more carefully. To this end, I focus on the function of simulations in the research process. Finally, a somewhat detailed case-study from nuclear physics is presented which, in my view, illustrates elements of a typical simulation in physics.

• Dokumententyp: Buchbeitrag
• Publikationsform: Postprint
• Fakultät: Philosophie, Wissenschaftstheorie und Religionswissenschaft > Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy (MCMP) ; Philosophie, Wissenschaftstheorie und Religionswissenschaft > Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy (MCMP) > Philosophy of Science ; Philosophie, Wissenschaftstheorie und Religionswissenschaft > Munich Center for Mathematical Philosophy (MCMP) > Philosophy of Physics
• Themengebiete: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie > 100 Philosophie
• ISBN: 978-0792341253
• Ort: Dordrecht
• Sprache: Englisch