Abstract
Background Congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNS) is primarily a monogenetic disease, with the majority of cases due to changes in five different genes: the nephrin (NPHS1), podocin (NPHS2), Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), laminin beta 2 (LAMB2), and phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1, NPHS3) gene. Usually CNS is not responsive to immunosuppressive therapy, but treatment with ACE inhibitors, AT1 receptor blockade and/ or indomethacin can reduce proteinuria. If the disease progresses to end-stage renal disease, kidney transplantation is the therapy of choice. Case-Diagnosis Here, we present the case of a 4-month-old girl with congenital nephrotic syndrome. Upon admission, the patient presented with life-threatening anasarca, hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, and impaired growth. There was no evidence of an infectious or immunological etiology. The genetic evaluation revealed a heterozygous variant in NPHS1 (p. Arg207Trp), in NPHS2 (p. Ser95Phe) as well as in PLCE1 (p. Ala1045Ser) and did not explain CNS. In addition to daily parenteral albumin infusions plus furosemide, a pharmacological antiproteinuric therapy was started to reduce protein excretion. Based on the genetic results, immunosuppressive therapy with prednisolone was initiated, but without response. However, following cyclosporine A treatment, the patient achieved complete remission and now has good renal function, growth, and development. Conclusions A profound search for the cause of CNS is necessary but has its limitations. The therapeutic strategy should be adapted when the etiology remains unclear.
| Item Type: | Journal article |
|---|---|
| Faculties: | Medicine |
| Subjects: | 600 Technology > 610 Medicine and health |
| ISSN: | 0931-041X |
| Language: | English |
| Item ID: | 63860 |
| Date Deposited: | 19. Jul 2019, 12:14 |
| Last Modified: | 04. Nov 2020, 13:42 |
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