Surgical High-risk Patients With ASA >= 3 Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: Morbidity, Mortality, and Predictors for Major Complications in a High-volume Tertiary Center

Schulz, Gerald B.; Grimm, Tobias; Buchner, Alexander; Jokisch, Friedrich; Kretschmer, Alexander; Casuscelli, Jozefina; Ziegelmüller, Brigitte; Stief, Christian G. und Karl, Alexander (2018): Surgical High-risk Patients With ASA >= 3 Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: Morbidity, Mortality, and Predictors for Major Complications in a High-volume Tertiary Center. In: Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, Bd. 16, Nr. 6, E1141-E1149

Abstract

Indication for radical cystectomy (RC) is challenging in patients with severe preconditions (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] >= 3). A total of 1206 patients undergoing RC between 2004 and 2017 were included. Both 90-day mortality and perioperative high-grade complications were about twice as high in patients with ASA >= 3 versus those with ASA <= 2. Major complications and mortality were significantly lower from 2010 to 2017 compared with 2004 to 2010. Our data might help estimating risks before RC in this vulnerable patient cohort. Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate major complications and risk factors for adverse clinical outcome in surgical high-risk (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] 3-4) patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) in a high-volume setting. Patients and Methods: A total of 1206 patients underwent RC between 2004 and 2017 in our institution and were included. We assessed complications graded by the Clavien-DindoClassification system (CDC) in addition to the 90-day mortality rate and stratified results by the ASA classification. In a multivariate analysis, risk factors for high-grade complications (CDC > 3) were tested. Additionally, outcome parameters were compared between 2004 to 2010 and 2010 to 2017. Results: Patients with ASA >= 3 presented with more locally advanced tumors pT >= 3 (52.1% vs. 42.4%;P = .002) and positive lymphatic spread N1 (27.2% vs. 23.5%;P = .001) compared with patients with ASA <= 2. High-grade complications were significantly (P < .001) more prevalent in patients with ASA >= 3 compared with patients with ASA <= 2: CDC3 (14.6% vs. 9.4%), CDC4 (10.2% vs. 5.4%), and CDC5 (2.5% vs. 1.0%). The 90-day mortality rate (7.6% vs. 3.2%;P = .002) and perioperative reinterventions (23.5% vs. 13.1%;P < .001) were elevated in patients with ASA >= 3. ASA (odds ratio [OR], 2.701, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.089-6.703;P = .032), previous abdominal operations (OR, 1.683;95% CI, 1.188-2.384;P = .003), and body mass index > 30 (OR, 1.533;95% CI, 1.021-2.304;P = .039) proved to function as independent predictors for major complications. CDC > 3 complications (31.7% vs. 24.3%;P = .029) and 90-day mortality (10.4% vs. 5.6%;P = .018) were significantly lower in the second half of the study period. Conclusions: Mortality and morbidity in surgical high-risk patients with ASA 3 to 4 undergoing RC is about twice as high compared with patients with ASA 1 to 2. ASA, previous abdominal operations, and elevated body mass index independently predict adverse clinical outcome in patients with ASA 3 to 4. Our results may help to weigh the surgical risk of RC in multimorbid patients.

• Dokumententyp: Zeitschriftenartikel
• Fakultät: Medizin
• Themengebiete: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
• ISSN: 1558-7673
• Sprache: Englisch