Inflammatory Bowel Disease beim Hund

Busch, Kathrin; Rade, Claudia und Unterer, Stefan (2019): Inflammatory Bowel Disease beim Hund. In: Kleintierpraxis, Bd. 64, Nr. 5: S. 291-307

Abstract

Chronic gastrointestinal disorders are a common problem in veterinary medicine and have a significant effect on the quality of life for affected dogs and their owners. The underlying causes can be difficult to identify and, therefore, a structured work-up is required. The term "Inflammatory Bowel Disease" (IBD) describes an idiopathic gastrointestinal disorder characterised by infiltration of the intestinal wall with inflammatory cells. A dysregulation of the immune system is considered a main factor of this immune-mediated disease. The baseline diagnostics include minimally-invasive tests such as faecal examination, haematology, serum biochemistry profile and abdominal ultrasound in order to rule out infestation with parasites and extra-intestinal disorders (e.g. hypoadrenocorticism), to assess the severity of the disease (e.g. albumin and cobalamin concentration), and to localise the affected intestinal segment (e.g. folic acid, cobalamin, ultrasound). Specific dietary trials including elimination and hydrolysed diets are essential for the diagnosis of food-responsive enteropathy and thus to differentiate it from IBD. To establish a diagnosis of IBD, histological evidence of inflammation in the intestines by the histopathological evaluation of biopsies is needed. In dogs, IBD is characterised by a lymphocytic and plasmacytic inflammation;though in some cases, eosinophilic granulocytes can be present. It is noteworthy that this type of inflammation is not specific for IBD and can also be found in various other intestinal disorders such as adverse food reactions. For this reason, a diagnosis of IBD can only be established by ruling out known causes for intestinal inflammation. The standard treatment includes immunosuppressive drugs like prednisolone and ciclosporine. However;patients often benefit from supportive therapies like probiotics and diets, allowing tapering of immunosuppressive drugs and therefore reducing side effects. A new promising treatment strategy in veterinary medicine is the modulation of the intestinal microbiota by the transplantation of faeces from healthy dogs into the intestine of IBD patients.

• Dokumententyp: Zeitschriftenartikel
• Fakultät: Tiermedizin
• Themengebiete: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
• ISSN: 0023-2076
• Sprache: Deutsch