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Ferreira dos Santos, Maria C.; Anderson, Cole P.; Neschen, Susanne; Zumbrennen-Bullough, Kimberly B.; Romney, Steven J.; Kahle-Stephan, Melanie; Rathkolb, Birgit; Gailus-Durner, Valerie; Fuchs, Helmut; Wolf, Eckhard; Rozman, Jan; Hrabe de Angelis, Martin; Cai, Weiling Maggie; Rajan, Malini; Hu, Jennifer; Dedon, Peter C. und Leibold, Elizabeth A. (2020): Irp2 regulates insulin production through iron-mediated Cdkal1-catalyzed tRNA modification. In: Nature Communications, Bd. 11, Nr. 1, 296 [PDF, 3MB]

Abstract

Regulation of cellular iron homeostasis is crucial as both iron excess and deficiency cause hematological and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we show that mice lacking iron-regulatory protein 2 (Irp2), a regulator of cellular iron homeostasis, develop diabetes. Irp2 post-transcriptionally regulates the iron-uptake protein transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) and the iron-storage protein ferritin, and dysregulation of these proteins due to Irp2 loss causes functional iron deficiency in beta cells. This impairs Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, reducing the function of Cdkal1, an Fe-S cluster enzyme that catalyzes methylthiolation of t(6)A37 in tRNA(UUU)(Lys) to ms(2)t(6)A37. As a consequence, lysine codons in proinsulin are misread and proinsulin processing is impaired, reducing insulin content and secretion. Iron normalizes ms(2)t(6)A37 and proinsulin lysine incorporation, restoring insulin content and secretion in Irp2(-/-) beta cells. These studies reveal a previously unidentified link between insulin processing and cellular iron deficiency that may have relevance to type 2 diabetes in humans.

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