Explosive-effusive volcanic eruption transitions caused by sintering

Wadsworth, Fabian B.; Llewellin, Edward W.; Vasseur, Jeremie; Gardner, James E. and Tuffen, Hugh (2020): Explosive-effusive volcanic eruption transitions caused by sintering. In: Science Advances, Vol. 6, No. 39, eaba7940

Abstract

Silicic volcanic activity has long been framed as either violently explosive or gently effusive. However, recent observations demonstrate that explosive and effusive behavior can occur simultaneously. Here, we propose that rhyolitic magma feeding subaerial eruptions generally fragments during ascent through the upper crust and that effusive eruptions result from conduit blockage and sintering of the pyroclastic products of deeper cryptic fragmentation. Our proposal is supported by (i) rhyolitic lavas are volatile depleted;(ii) textural evidence supports a pyroclastic origin for effusive products;(iii) numerical models show that small ash particles less than or similar to 10(-5) m can diffusively degas, stick, and sinter to low porosity, in the time available between fragmentation and the surface;and (iv) inferred ascent rates from both explosive and apparently effusive eruptions can overlap. Our model reconciles previously paradoxical observations and offers a new framework in which to evaluate physical, numerical, and geochemical models of Earth's most violent volcanic eruptions.

• Item Type: Journal article
• Faculties: Geosciences > Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
• Subjects: 500 Science > 550 Earth sciences and geology
• ISSN: 2375-2548
• Language: English