Spätfolgen nach Immuntherapie. Immunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen von Checkpointinhibitoren

Duong, Sophie L.; Zierold, Sarah; Kramer, Rafaela; Reincke, Martin; Kerl-French, Katrin; Boehmerle, Wolfgang; Pavel, Marianne; Weckbach, Ludwig; French, Lars E.; Knauss, Samuel und Heinzerling, Lucie (2021): Spätfolgen nach Immuntherapie. Immunvermittelte Nebenwirkungen von Checkpointinhibitoren. In: Onkologe, Bd. 27, Nr. 8: S. 739-746

Abstract

Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are potent immunotherapeutic agents for many tumor entities. However, ICIs can induce immune-related adverse events (irAE) that can potentially affect any organ system, causing life-changing sequelae or even death. These irAEs can occur months after termination of immunotherapy and long-term effects may persist for years after finishing therapy. Due to expanding clinical indications for ICIs including therapy in earlier tumor stages, the risk-benefit analysis needs to take into account these long-term side effects. Objectives The sequelae of ICI therapy are reviewed and the international online registry Side Effect Registry Immuno-Oncology (SERIO) for the unified collection and characterization of irAEs is introduced. Materials and methods We analyzed data from SERIO and performed a selective literature search in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Google Scholar to characterize, analyze and summarize long-term sequelae of irAE induced by ICI therapy. Results The most commonly observed irAEs with long-term sequelae involve the skin (leucotrichia, melanoma-associated hypopigmentation) and endocrine irAEs (thyroiditis, hypophysitis, adrenalitis and diabetes). While the former is especially stigmatizing, endocrine irAEs usually require long-term hormone substitution. Neurologic and cardiologic irAEs are relatively rare, but they are associated with severe complications leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Conclusions Until now, prospective data about long-term consequences of irAEs are lacking. The SERIO registry addresses this need as irAEs are collected to enable long-term follow-up and optimized management.

• Dokumententyp: Zeitschriftenartikel
• Fakultät: Medizin
• Themengebiete: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften > 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
• ISSN: 0947-8965
• Sprache: Deutsch