Xenotransplantation solider Organe

Wolf, E. und Reichart, B. (2021): Xenotransplantation solider Organe. In: Nephrologe, Bd. 16, Nr. 3: S. 138-144

Abstract

Background. The number of donated human organs and tissues for patients with terminal organ failure falls far short of the need. Alternative sources, such as organs and tissues from animals, are therefore urgently needed. Objective. For a number or reasons, including size, anatomical and physiological similarities with humans, the pig is the preferred donor species. It is important that pigs can be optimized by genetic engineering as a source of cells, tissues and organs for xenotransplantation. Material and methods. Recent advances in gen(om)e editing are speeding up progress in this field. Numerous genetically (multi)modified pig lines have been generated to prevent immune rejection of xenotransplants, to overcome physiological incompatibilities and to reduce the risk of transmitting zoonotic pathogens. Results and conclusion. After heterotopic abdominal xenotransplantation into baboons, genetically multi-modified pig hearts (alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase deficient, transgenic for human CD46 and human thrombomodulin) survived for up to 945 days. Orthotopic xenotransplantation experiments (with hearts from the same genetic background) in baboons were consistently successful with survival times up to 195 days. The longest survival time of porcine kidney xenotransplants in nonhuman primates was so far 499 days, although the overall results are apparently not as consistent as after xenogeneic heart transplantation. Based on the recent progress in preclinical xenotransplantation research, clinical xenotransplantation studies for various organs will be initiated in the coming years.

• Dokumententyp: Zeitschriftenartikel
• Fakultät: Chemie und Pharmazie > Department Biochemie
• Themengebiete: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik > 540 Chemie
• ISSN: 1862-040X
• Sprache: Deutsch