Abstract
In many countries entrepreneurship is promoted through tax reductions for small businesses and by various government support schemes. We analyze the effects of such policies to subsidize small businesses in a setting where both the risk-return characteristics of the selected innovation project and the mode of commercialization chosen by entrepreneurs (market entry versus sale to an incumbent firm) are endogenous. We show that government programs to support small businesses foster market entry by entrepreneurs but, at the same time, give an incentive to choose low risk projects, due to the existence of limited loss o®set provisions. This points to a basic trade-off be- tween the goals of raising competition in technology-intensive markets and the desire of governments to foster risky `breakthrough' innovations.
Dokumententyp: | Paper |
---|---|
Keywords: | business taxation, innovation, market entry |
Fakultät: | Volkswirtschaft
Volkswirtschaft > Munich Discussion Papers in Economics Volkswirtschaft > Lehrstühle > Seminar für Wirtschaftspolitik |
Themengebiete: | 300 Sozialwissenschaften > 300 Sozialwissenschaft, Soziologie
300 Sozialwissenschaften > 330 Wirtschaft |
JEL Classification: | H25, L13, M13, O31 |
URN: | urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-epub-12245-5 |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Dokumenten ID: | 12245 |
Datum der Veröffentlichung auf Open Access LMU: | 13. Mai 2011, 08:55 |
Letzte Änderungen: | 10. Nov. 2020, 04:32 |
Literaturliste: | Acs, Z.J., Audretsch D.B. (2005). Entrepreneurship, innovation and technological change. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship 1, 149-195. Altshuler, R., Auerbach, A.J. (1990). The significance of tax law asymmetries: An empirical investigation. Quarterly Journal of Economics 105, 61-86. Asoni, A., Sanandaji, T. (2009). Taxation and the quality and quantity of entrepreneurship. INF Working Paper No. 813. Research Institute of Industrial Economics, Stockholm. Auerbach, A.J. (2006). Why have corporate tax revenues declined? Another look. NBER Working Paper No. 12463. Cambridge, Mass. Baumol, W.J. (2002). The free-market innovation machine: Analyzing the growth miracle of capitalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Bhattacharya, S., Mookherjee, D. (1986). Portfolio choice in research and development. RAND Journal of Economics 17, 594-605. Bianchi, M., Henrekson, M. (2005). Is neoclassical economics still entrepreneurless? Kyklos 58, 353-377. Blonigen, B.A., Taylor, C.T. (2000). R&D intensity and acquisitions in high-technology industries: Evidence from the US electronic and electrical equipment industries. Journal of Industrial Economics 48, 47-70. Cabral, L. (2003). R&D competition when firms choose variance. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 12, 139-150. Commission of the European Communities (2008). Think small first. A "Small Business Act" for Europe. Communication COM (2008) 394. Brussels. http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/small-business-act/index en.htm Cullen, J.B., Gordon, R.H. (2007). Taxes and entrepreneurial risk-taking: Theory and evidence for the U.S. Journal of Public Economics 91, 1479-1505. De Mooij, R., Nicodµeme, G. (2008). Corporate tax policy and incorporation in the EU. International Tax and Public Finance 15, 478-498. Domar, E.D., Musgrave, R.A. (1944). Proportional income taxation and risk-taking. Quarterly Journal of Economics 58, 388-422. Egger, P., Keuschnigg, C., Winner, H. (2009). Incorporation and taxation: Theory and ¯rm-level evidence. CESifo Working Paper No. 2685, Munich. Ernst, C., Spengel, C. (2011). Taxation, R&D tax incentives and patent application in Europe. ZEW Discussion Paper No. 11-024, Mannheim. Färnstrand Damsgaard, E., NorbÄack, P.-J., Persson, L., Vasconcelos, H. (2010). When do independent innovators make the break-through inventions? Mimeo, Research Institute of Industrial Economics, Stockholm. Fuest, C., Huber, B., Nielsen, S.B. (2002). Why is the corporate tax rate lower than the personal tax rate? The role of new ¯rms. Journal of Public Economics 87, 157-174. Gentry, W.M., Hubbard, R.G. (2000). Tax policy and entrepreneurial entry. American Economic Review 90, 283-287. Gentry, W.M., Hubbard, R.G. (2005). Success taxes, entrepreneurial entry, and innovation. Innovation Policy and the Economy 5, 87-108. Gilbert, R. (2006). Looking for Mr. Schumpeter: Where are we in the competition-innovation debate? In: Jaffe, A.B., Lerner, J. and Stern, S. (eds.), Innovation Policy and the Economy, Vol. 6. MIT Press, Cambridge and London, 159-215. Gordon, R.H. (1998). Can high personal income taxes encourage entrepreneurial activity? IMF Staff Papers 45, 49-80. Gromb, D., Scharfstein, D. (2002). Entrepreneurship in equilibrium. NBER Working Paper 9001, Cambridge, Mass. Henkel, J., R¿nde, T., Wagner, M. (2010). And the winner is {acquired: Entrepreneurship as a contest with acquisitions as the prize. CEPR Discussion Paper No. 8147, London. Henrekson, M., Sanandaji, T. (2011). Taxing entrepreneurial income. Small Business Economics, forthcoming. Keuschnigg, C., Nielsen, S.B. (2002). Tax policy, venture capital, and entrepreneurship. Journal of Public Economics 87, 175-203. Keuschnigg, C., Nielsen, S.B. (2004). Start-ups, venture capitalists, and the capital gains tax. Journal of Public Economics 88, 1011-1042. Lerner, J. (1999). The government as venture capitalist: The long-run impact of the SBIR program. Journal of Public Economics 72, 285-318. OECD (1999). OECD economic surveys: Austria. Paris. OECD (2007). Science, technology and industry scoreboard. Paris. OECD (2010a). OECD tax database. www.oecd.org/ctp/taxdatabase. OECD (2010b). SMEs, entrepreneurship and innovation, Paris. Poterba, J.M. (1989). Capital gains tax policy toward entrepreneurship. National Tax Journal 42, 375-389. Reinganum, J. (1989). The timing of innovation: Research, development, and diffusion. In: Schmalensee, R. and Willig, R. (eds.) Handbook of Industrial Organization. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 849-908. Rosen, R. (1991). Research and development with asymmetric firm sizes. RAND Journal of Economics 22, 411-429. Scherer, F.M., Ross, D. (1990). Industrial market structure and economic performance. Houghton Mifflin. Tillväxtanalys (2010). Follow up of the newly established enterprises in 2005 - three years after the start. Statistik 2010:2, Sweden. www.tillvaxtanalys.se/tua/export/ sv/¯ler/statistik/nyforetagande/Uppfoeljning_3_xr_nystartade_foretag_2005.pdf |