Warfarin and vitamin K compete for binding to Phe55 in human VKOR

Czogalla, Katrin J.; Biswas, Arijit; Höning, Klara; Hornung, Veit; Liphardt, Kerstin; Watzka, Matthias und Oldenburg, Johannes (2017): Warfarin and vitamin K compete for binding to Phe55 in human VKOR. In: Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, Vol. 24, No. 1: pp. 77-85

Abstract

Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) catalyzes the reduction of vitamin K quinone and vitamin K 2,3-epoxide, a process essential to sustain gamma-carboxylation of vitamin K-dependent proteins. VKOR is also a therapeutic target of warfarin, a treatment for thrombotic disorders. However, the structural and functional basis of vitamin K reduction and the antagonism of warfarin inhibition remain elusive. Here, we identified putative binding sites of both K vitamers and warfarin on human VKOR. The predicted warfarin-binding site was verified by shifted dose-response curves of specified mutated residues. We used CRISPR-Cas9-engineered HEK 293T cells to assess the vitamin K quinone and vitamin K 2,3-epoxide reductase activities of VKOR variants to characterize the vitamin K naphthoquinone head- and isoprenoid side chain-binding regions. Our results challenge the prevailing concept of noncompetitive warfarin inhibition because K vitamers and warfarin share binding sites on VKOR that include Phe55, a key residue binding either the substrate or inhibitor.

• Item Type: Journal article
• Faculties: Chemistry and Pharmacy > Department of Biochemistry
• Subjects: 500 Science > 540 Chemistry
• ISSN: 1545-9993
• Language: English