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Astrouskaya, Tatsiana und Liavitski, Anton (2020): The Phenomenon of Culture is the Phenomenon of Bread: The Debate on Culture in Belarus(1988-1991). In: Baltic Journal of Art History, Bd. 19: S. 101-128

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Abstract

The scope and content of public debate in the USSR increased radically with the onset of perestroika. Culture happened to be at the very epicentre of this debate, as it lay at the intersection of collective and private. Socialist culture claimed to be an intrinsically 'serious' and 'genuine' setting itself against the 'trivial' and 'superficial' bourgeois culture of the West. The CPSU used socialist realism to promote and encourage monumental genres in literature, music, art and architecture. The late 1980s challenged the established notion of culture. In the BSSR (Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic), arose a group of young intellectuals (for the main part literati), who called themselves the Tuteishyia (Locals), and who saw it as their task to provoke a revolution in the field of culture. They explored previously neglected genres of mass culture such as the comic, detective novel, erotica, and rock music, thus questioning the `sacred' status of literature and art. Simultaneously, they pushed the boundaries between the local and the global (looking for worldwide connections with Belarusian culture), past and present (rehabilitating authors and ideas rejected by Soviet censorship). Relying on publications in the leading intellectual journals of the time, this paper seeks to grasp the main features of the structural transformation in the field of Belarusian culture that happened at the turn of the 1980s-1990s. Staying away from teleological, lineal interpretations, we emphasize the discrepancy, contradiction and multilayering of the change as understood by Foucault and Skinner.

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