Abstract
gamma-Glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) catalyzes the gamma-carboxylation of 15 different vitamin K dependent (VKD) proteins. Pathogenic variants in GGCX cause a rare hereditary bleeding disorder called Vitamin K dependent coagulation factor deficiency type 1 (VKCFD1). In addition to bleedings, some VKCFD1 patients develop skin laxity and skeletal dysmorphologies. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these non-hemorrhagic phenotypes remain elusive. Therefore, we have analyzed 20 pathogenic GGCX variants on their ability to gamma-carboxylate six non-hemostatic VKD proteins in an in vitro assay, where GGCX variants were expressed in GGCX(-/-) cells and levels of gamma-carboxylated co-expressed VKD proteins were detected by a functional ELISA. We observed that GGCX variants causing markedly reduced gamma-carboxylation of Gla rich protein (GRP) in vitro were reported in patients with skin laxity. Reduced levels of gamma-carboxylated Matrix gla protein (MGP) are not exclusive for causing skeletal dysmorphologies in VKCFD1 patients. In silico docking of vitamin K hydroquinone on a GGCX model revealed a binding site, which was validated by in vitro assays. GGCX variants affecting this site result in disability to gamma-carboxylate VKD proteins and hence are involved in the most severe phenotypes. This genotype-phenotype analysis will help to understand the development of non-hemorrhagic phenotypes and hence improve treatment in VKCFD1 patients.
| Item Type: | Journal article |
|---|---|
| Faculties: | Chemistry and Pharmacy > Department of Biochemistry |
| Subjects: | 500 Science > 540 Chemistry |
| ISSN: | 1059-7794 |
| Language: | English |
| Item ID: | 98408 |
| Date Deposited: | 05. Jun 2023 15:28 |
| Last Modified: | 05. Jun 2023 15:28 |
Actions (login required)
- View Item
