Kocher, Arthur; Papac, Luka; Barquera, Rodrigo; Key, Felix M.; Spyrou, Maria A.; Hubler, Ron; Rohrlach, Adam B.; Aron, Franziska; Stahl, Raphaela; Wissgott, Antje; Bommel, Florian van; Pfefferkorn, Maria; Mittnik, Alissa; Villalba-Mouco, Vanessa; Neumann, Gunnar U.; Rivollat, Maite; Loosdrecht, Marieke S. van de; Majander, Kerttu; Tukhbatova, Rezeda I.; Musralina, Lyazzat; Ghalichi, Ayshin; Penske, Sandra; Sabin, Susanna; Michel, Megan; Gretzinger, Joscha; Nelson, Elizabeth A.; Ferraz, Tiago; Nagele, Kathrin; Parker, Cody; Keller, Marcel; Guevara, Evelyn K.; Feldman, Michal; Eisenmann, Stefanie; Skourtanioti, Eirini; Giffin, Karen; Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido Alberto; Friederich, Susanne; Schimmenti, Vittoria; Khartanovich, Valery; Karapetian, Marina K.; Chaplygin, Mikhail S.; Kufterin, Vladimir V.; Khokhlov, Aleksandr A.; Chizhevsky, Andrey A.; Stashenkov, Dmitry A.; Kochkina, Anna F.; Tejedor-Rodriguez, Cristina; Garcia-Martinez de Lagran, Inigo; Arcusa-Magallon, Hector; Garrido-Pena, Rafael; Ignacio Royo-Guillen, Jose; Novacek, Jan; Rottier, Stephane; Kacki, Sacha; Saintot, Sylvie; Kaverzneva, Elena; Belinskiy, Andrej B.; Veleminsky, Petr; Limbursky, Petr; Kostka, Michal; Loe, Louise; Popescu, Elizabeth; Clarke, Rachel; Lyons, Alice; Mortimer, Richard; Sajantila, Antti; Chinique de Armas, Yadira; Hernandez Godoy, Silvia Teresita; Hernandez-Zaragoza, Diana I.; Pearson, Jessica; Binder, Didier; Lefranc, Philippe; Kantorovich, Anatoly R.; Maslov, Vladimir E.; Lai, Luca; Zoledziewska, Magdalena; Beckett, Jessica F.; Langova, Michaela; Ingman, Tara; Garcia Atienzar, Gabriel; de Miguel Ibanez, Maria Paz; Romero, Alejandro; Sperduti, Alessandra; Beckett, Sophie; Salter, Susannah J.; Zilivinskaya, Emma D.; Vasil, Dmitry V.; Heyking, Kristin von; Burger, Richard L.; Salazar, Lucy C.; Amkreutz, Luc; Navruzbekov, Masnav; Rosenstock, Eva; Alonso-Fernandez, Carmen; Slavchev, Vladimir; Kalmykov, Alexey A.; Atabiev, Biaslan Ch; Batieva, Elena; Alvarez Calmet, Micaela; Llamas, Bastien; Schultz, Michael; Krauss, Raiko; Jimenez-Echevarria, Javier; Francken, Michael; Shnaider, Svetlana; Knijff, Peter de; Altena, Eveline; Vijver, Katrien van de; Fehren-Schmitz, Lars; Tung, Tiffiny A.; Losch, Sandra; Dobrovolskaya, Maria; Makarov, Nikolaj; Read, Chris; Twest, Melanie van; Sagona, Claudia; Ramsl, Peter C.; Akar, Murat; Yener, K. Aslihan; Carmona Ballestero, Eduardo; Cucca, Francesco; Mazzarello, Vittorio; Utrilla, Pilar; Rademaker, Kurt; Fernandez-Dominguez, Eva; Baird, Douglas; Semal, Patrick; Marquez-Morfin, Lourdes; Roksandic, Mirjana; Steiner, Hubert; Carlos Salazar-Garcia, Domingo; Shishlina, Natalia; Erdal, Yilmaz Selim; Hallgren, Fredrik; Boyadzhiev, Yavor; Boyadzhiev, Kamen; Kuessner, Mario; Sayer, Duncan; Onkamo, Paivi; Skeates, Robin; Rojo-Guerra, Manuel; Buzhilova, Alexandra; Khussainova, Elmira; Djansugurova, Leyla B.; Beisenov, Arman Z.; Samashev, Zainolla; Massy, Ken; Mannino, Marcello; Moiseyev, Vyacheslav; Mannermaa, Kristiina; Balanovsky, Oleg; Deguilloux, Marie-France; Reinhold, Sabine; Hansen, Svend; Kitov, Egor P.; Dobes, Miroslav; Ernee, Michal; Meller, Harald; Alt, Kurt W.; Prufer, Kay; Warinner, Christina; Schiffels, Stephan; Stockhammer, Philipp W.; Bos, Kirsten; Posth, Cosimo; Herbig, Alexander; Haak, Wolfgang; Krause, Johannes und Kuehnert, Denise
(2021):
Ten millennia of hepatitis B virus evolution.
In: Science, Bd. 374, Nr. 6564: S. 182-188
Volltext auf 'Open Access LMU' nicht verfügbar.
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between similar to 10,500 and similar to 400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between similar to 20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for similar to 4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic.
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