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Duering, Marco; Finsterwalder, Sofia; Baykara, Ebru; Tuladhar, Anil Man; Gesierich, Benno; Konieczny, Marek J.; Malik, Rainer; Franzmeier, Nicolai; Ewers, Michael; Jouvent, Eric; Biessels, Geert Jan; Schmidt, Reinhold; Leeuw, Frank-Erik de; Pasternak, Ofer und Dichgans, Martin ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0654-387X (2018): Free water determines diffusion alterations and clinical status in cerebral small vessel disease. In: Alzheimers & Dementia, Bd. 14, Nr. 6: S. 764-774

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Abstract

Introduction: Diffusion tensor imaging detects early tissue alterations in Alzheimer's disease and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). However, the origin of diffusion alterations in SVD is largely unknown. Methods: To gain further insight, we applied free water (FW) imaging to patients with genetically defined SVD (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy [CADASIL], n = 57), sporadic SVD (n = 444), and healthy controls (n = 28). We modeled freely diffusing water in the extracellular space (FW) and measures reflecting fiber structure (tissue compartment). We tested associations between these measures and clinical status (processing speed and disability). Results: Diffusion alterations in SVD were mostly driven by increased FW and less by tissue compartment alterations. Among imaging markers, FW showed the strongest association with clinical status (R-2 up to 34%, P < .0001). Findings were consistent across patients with CADASIL and sporadic SVD. Discussion: Diffusion alterations and clinical status in SVD are largely determined by extracellular fluid increase rather than alterations of white matter fiber organization.

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