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Gebhardt, Markus ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9122-0556 und DeVries, Jeffrey M. ORCID logoORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8923-6615 (November 2025): Barriers on the path to inclusion. The development of special needs education in Germany over time. An open textbook. München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität. [PDF, 1MB]

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Abstract

Special education is a school-based construct intended to to provide specific help and more resources to individual children. This textbook provides a historical overview of the development of special education in Germany, outlines key concepts and theories that underpin this field of study, and identifies fundamental questions posed by scholars and practitioners alike. The different perspectives on disability and the special educational needs for support are presented and discussed, especially for children with learning diffi-culties (special needs in the area of learning). This book serves as an introductory work in the field of inclusive education. It serves as the basis and basic knowledge for the teaching profession of special education. This book is a translation of a German open textbook (Gebhardt, 2024) that provides international students with better access to international courses in special education at German universities.

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